Robotic Protocols

Below is a summary of all the safety protocols relevant to retail store settings. The summary of future work and identified gaps are also included in the table below:

Safety Protocols, Their Relevance, and Future Work/Gaps

Protocol Name	Summary	Relevance	Future Work/Gaps
ISO 13482	Safety standard for personal care robots, ensuring safe physical interaction between robots and humans, focusing on risk reduction and hazard management.	Ensures safe human-robot interaction in retail by providing guidelines on collision avoidance, force limits, and risk mitigation.	Has not been extensively tested in digital twin environments; future work could involve virtual validation before physical deployment.
IEEE P7009	Provides a framework for developing fail-safe mechanisms in autonomous systems, ensuring systems transition to safe states in case of failures.	Ensures robots in retail environments can prevent harm by transitioning to safe states during failures, aligning with fail-safe human-robot interaction protocols.	Future work should focus on integrating fail-safe mechanisms with digital twin simulations for better pre-validation of safety protocols in dynamic retail environments.
IEEE 7001-2021	Provides measurable, testable levels of transparency for autonomous systems, ensuring that their decision-making processes are discoverable and understandable.	Ensures that retail robots interacting with humans operate transparently, making it possible to understand why and how the system made specific decisions.	Ethical work should explore integrating transparency measures into digital twin simulations to validate the robot’s behavior before real-world deployment.
IEEE 1228	Provides guidelines for developing safety plans for software systems, addressing potential software failures in safety-critical applications.	Relevant for designing safety plans for robot control software, ensuring software failures are anticipated and mitigated in human-robot interaction scenarios.	Needs greater attention to unplanned software updates and their impact on safety in retail.
ISO/TS 15066	Safety standards for collaborative robots (cobots), focusing on limits for force and speed to ensure safe human-robot interaction.	Guides safety protocols for collaborative robots in retail, where safe interactions with force and speed limits are required.	Future work involves refining force thresholds based on real-world interaction feedback in retail scenarios.
ISO 12100	Defines principles for risk assessment and reduction in machinery, providing guidelines to identify hazards and implement protective measures.	Provides a framework for risk assessment and mitigation in digital twin simulations, assisting in the development of safety protocols for retail robot behavior.	Need to validate assessment models through iterative tests in digital twin and real-world conditions.